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Howard Terpning and Joseph L. Mankiewicz's
“CLEOPATRA“ |
Read more at in70mm.com The 70mm Newsletter
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Written by: Gerhard Witte, Berlin,
Germany |
Date:
21.12.2012 |
Howard
Terpning is a painter and illustrator of our time. He is the most
renowned and honored Western artist painting today. He also created some of
the most memorable dramatic movie poster motifs between the years 1961 and
1974.
In this report I will take a look at the different “Cleopatra” (UK,
USA, Switzerland, 1963) posters and the controversy surrounding the making
of the famous poster art. Moreover, I give interesting information about
Howard Terpning's life and about the film which started very successfully
but then unfortunately did not perform as well as expected at the time.
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More in 70mm reading:
Howard Terpning und Joseph L. Mankiewiczs
“CLEOPATRA“
A tribute to
Howard Terpning
"Cleopatra" Revisited
Cinemiracle/Cinerama
in Germany
The Grindel Filmtheater
The "Savoy" in Hamburg
3D in the mid 60s in
Europe with Hi-Fi Stereo 70
The Rivoli Theatre
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Image from “Film-Echo” (Scheuring / 1964)
Astonishingly, in Spain at that time, the plunging neckline dress of
Cleopatra (Elizabeth Taylor) incurred displeasure. The poster was found on a
construction site fence in the centre of Barcelona, covered in black coal
tar dye and with "Decencia" (translated "Decency") painted on it.
So as not to offend moral sensibilities, also a slightly modified version of
the motif was actually released in the 1960s.
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Internet link:
Trivette Collection
ownapieceofamerica.us
taylortribute.com
greenwichworkshop.com
thesandpebbles.com
New
York
Los Angeles
“The Art of Howard Terpning“
The HOLLYWOOD years
Hamburg Film and Television Museum
Retrovinyl
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The poster, without any inscription, was mounted on canvas. I acquired it
once in a London Gallery. The "displeasure" is now slightly softened in it.
Maybe it also was shown for the European premiere of the film in London on
31 July 1963 at the Dominion Theatre on 268-269 Tottenham Court Road. In
advance, the film's world premiere was on 12 June 1963 at the New York
Rivoli Theatre on 1620 Broadway at 49th Street.
On 14th April 2011 an auction took place in Los Angeles (CA, USA).
On this occasion it was reported:
The original "Cleopatra" film poster art, one of the most “infamous” publicity
paintings at that time, is set to be auctioned off by Profiles in History on
May 14 and 15 at the Saban Theater in Beverly Hills, CA.
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Here the very first version of Howard
Terpning's poster art without Julius
Caesar (Rex Harrison)
This acrylic painting, created on illustration board measuring 30" x 40" by
the famed artist Howard Terpning, served as the print model for the
publicity material surrounding this proudly announced epic film. Rex
Harrison, one of the top billed stars was upset to find himself left out of
the piece. The original only depicted Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor in
a seductive and romantic pose with the studio quite happy to parlay the
publicity surrounding their courtship into press for the film. Harrison sued
and won lawsuit against 20th Century Fox.
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Consequently, Terpning was required by the
studio to add Harrison into the design by enlarging and reworking his
original painting, also forcing the studio to reprint all affected publicity
material to correct this “oversight”.
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With
the help of “computer magic“, also this version is possible – the seductive
Egyptian Queen alone. You can find it on the internet with
additional
information.
Howard Terpning has received numerous art-related awards, earning him a
devoted following for his art outside of any Hollywood association.
Routinely his paintings fetch several hundred thousand dollars at auctions.
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…and here in an also impressive rich in contrast black-and-white version
For instance, the famous painting with the
reclining Cleopatra (Elizabeth Taylor) and her “leading” men, Julius Caesar
(Rex Harrison) and Mark Antony (Richard Burton), was sold for $110,000 and a
painting with the Queen enthroned alone brought $200,000 (Source: Mike
Boehm, Los Angeles Times, May 17, 2012).
Visit this informative
web-site showing diverse
"Cleopatra" film posters with
its well-known motif and above all, of course, the wonderful
“Trivette Collection”.
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The Score
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Soundtrack LP from the author´s collection
One week after the film's premiere in
New York's VARIETY was written:
“CLEO” ALBUM BARGES PAST 300,000 SALES
The soundtrack album of “Cleopatra” on the 20th Century Fox label has now
rolled over the 300,000 sales mark. Norman Weiser, diskery topper, reports
that orders for 100,000 copies came in on Thursday, 13 June 1963 the day
after the picture premiered at New York's
Rivoli Theatre.
The diskery started taking orders for the album before it was ready for the
market and around 150,000 were taken by distributors on a cash guarantee
basis. Another 50,000 were re-ordered before the film´s premiere. The
soundtrack features the score by Alex North.
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Howard Terpning: A brief history of his career
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Picture from Western Art & Architecture on the internet
Howard Terpning saw the light of day on 5 November 1927. His place of birth
is Oak Park, Illinois, USA - a western suburb of Chicago (also birthplace of
Ernest Hemingway). As a young boy Howard was a passionate drawer and it is
told that he already knew before his tenth year of life that he wanted to be
an artist. After serving from 1945 to 1946, also as an infantryman in China,
in the US Marine Corps, he studied at the Academy of Fine Art and then at
the American Academy of Art life drawing and painting (both in Chicago).
Later he moved to New York, the hub of advertising and magazine
illustration. He gained first attention from some powerful covers of the
magazines TIME and NEWSWEEK which he had designed. In the 60s Terpning
became a prolific film poster artist for Hollywood and created some of the
most memorable dramatic movie illustrations of the time. He worked as a
commercial artist for twenty-five years, alone seventeen of them he lived in
New York City. Besides his advertising art, he
illustrated stories and articles for such publications as McCall's, Ladies
Home Journal, Reader's Digest or Good Housekeeping. In 1967 he accepted an
invitation from the Marine Corps to document Vietnam War scenes as a
civilian combat artist.
At the time he got a temporary rank of major to allow him relative freedom
of movement and spent six weeks in Vietnam. Upon his return, Terpning
created ten paintings that are now housed in the National Museum of the
Marine Corps, at Quantico, Virginia, USA (Source: Mike Boehm, Los Angeles
Times, May 17, 2012).
Around 1975, Howard Terpning tossed aside a lucrative 25-year career as a
commercial artist and decided to follow his interest in the American West
and Native American traditions. “The American Indian fascinates me”, says
Terpning. “The more I study them, the more intrigued I become. I have
empathy for people who have struggled and had a hard life. I think it is
important to tell the story of the Plains Indians because their history is
our history - a part of our heritage”, says the artist, who also is member
of the National Academy of Western Art (NAWA) and the Cowboy Artists of
America (CAA).
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A
German film poster with inscription. Cleopatra's plunging neckline dress is
here also "corrected" - but only very slightly.
In 1977 he moved with his wife Marlies and his three children from
Connecticut to Tuscon (Arizona) to become a famous western painter.
Howard Terpning has a tremendous respect for the Native American people,
portraying them honestly and accurately.
A lot of Howard Terpning's original Western art oil paintings (not for
films) now command top prices at Western auctions – few of them break the
million dollar ceiling. For example in 2006 at the Coeur d´Alene Art Auction
in Reno (Nevada, USA) his works: “Search for the Renegades” and “The
Stragglers” found new homes for $1,456,000 and $1,064,000 respectively
(Source: The Greenwich Workshop Catalogue).
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A
Dutch poster of the epic film
The Coeur d’Alene Art Auction has featured Western and American art for
meanwhile 11 years in Reno and is the largest Western art auction in the
country.
From May 12 to July 01, 2012, he and his works were subject of a special
exhibition at the Autry National Centre, Griffith Park, Los Angeles titled:
Howard Terpning: Tribute to the Plains People.
See the book: “Terpning: Tribute to the Plains People”
page by page.
He is honoured by numerous awards, which are too numerous to list here (see
web-links at the end of the report to get more information).
Use the following web-link to get a
chronological list of the eighty five
films for which Howard Terpning had designed movie illustrations between the
years 1961 and 1974.
Many thanks, Mr Terpning, for your wonderful unique movie poster arts you
have created. You delight numerous film enthusiasts with your work around
the world.
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Marketing of “Cleopatra”
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Images from “Filmblätter” / April 1963
Darryl F. Zanuck – filmmaking legend of Hollywood's Golden Age. In 1933 he
was co-founder of 20th Century Pictures which merged with Fox Film
Corporation on 31 May 1935. Both formed the famous newly founded film studio
known as 20th Century Fox. With the arrival of television as competition in
the early 50s Zanuck moved Fox to adapt CinemaScope to keep movies
competitive. In 1962 he became President of 20th Century Fox. He retired in
1971, having produced numerous films during his career, such as “The Robe”
(USA, 1953), “The King and I” (USA, 1956), “The Longest Day” (USA, 1962),
“The Sound of Music” (USA, 1965), “Planet of the Apes” (USA, 1968) and
“Hello, Dolly!” (USA, 1969).
Seymour Poe – Vice President and at the same time total rental chef for 20th
Century Fox in the 60s. He was Zanuck´s right-hand man in the rebuilding of
20th Century Fox from big problems to blooming prosperity.
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Seymour Poe, Vice President of 20th Century Fox, introduced delegates in
March 1963 at the European Cleopatra Marketing Convention in Paris to the
colossal promotional campaign which was planned for the 44-million-dollar
Todd-AO film. The convention was attended by 43 representatives from 17
European countries including Great Britain (which would not join the EU
until 1973) and the Middle East (Image from “Film-Echo” / April 1963).
Already before its premiere CLEOPATRA broke all records.
In Italy a license agreement had been concluded before the film premiered in
the three cities of Rome, Milan and Naples. An advance payment of 120
million lire was paid – at the time in Italy the largest amount to get the
right to show a film (Source: “La Cinématographie Francaise”).
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The business opportunities which the film offered did not go unnoticed. For
instance, the publisher Alfred Klar from New York’s Program Publishing
Company made a $350,000 advance payment to acquire the exclusive rights to
produce and sell the film programme worldwide. Lavishly illustrated with
colour photographs, the programme appeared in many countries and was
translated into various languages.
Also unusual at the time was the agreement between 20th Century Fox and the
cinema in which the world premiere of the film was held, New York’s
Rivoli Theatre. 150 days before the release of
"CLEOPATRA", the cinema’s directors,
believing all this inflated hype, made an advance payment of no less than
1.25 million dollars – then the largest sum ever paid for the premiere
rights to a film.
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New York's Rivoli Theatre on afternoon of Cleopatra's world premiere on June
12, 1963 (Image from “Movie Marketing” / June 1963).
In the evening 10.000 New Yorkers jammed Broadway to watch VIPs arrive at
the premiere of 20th Century Fox's film “Cleopatra”, the film industry's
most expensive production at the time. The three major TV networks were on
the spot with live coverage, and global reporters joined to give the event
most international press coverage ever accorded a film premiere.
Information about New York’s famous
“road show theatre”
and the premieres it hosted.
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Full-page world premiere advert in New York's VARIETY
In the first days the premieres were provided in many movie theatres as
charity events with ticket prices up to 250 dollars.
In Hollywood, Los Angeles, the film had its West Coast Premiere on 19 June
1963 at the RKO Pantages Theatre. According to information from VARIETY, all
1512 seats were sold at $ 250 each – at that time a record for fund-raising
tied in with a film premiere.
Information about the famous “road show theatre” in
Los Angeles
and the premieres it hosted.
On 17 July 1963, 20th Century Fox made a public announcement with full-page
adverts in newspapers:
“To date, on 14 July 1963, the film CLEOPATRA is 51.5 % ahead of any other
road show in the history of the business with no exceptions whatsoever”.
(Statement: At “road shows”, in this sense, new movies are premiered in
selected theatres, mostly at higher ticket prices)
During a New York press conference in spring 1964, Seymour Poe, Vice
President of 20th Century Fox, informed participants that alone the rental
fees for the film “Cleopatra” will make $ 55 million in the course of time.
Up to the 15th of February 1964, the rental income already amounted to $
14.2 million, ticket sales $ 25.9 million (Source: “Filmblätter”).
"CLEOPATRA" received nine Oscar nominations and won four in 1964 - for Best
Cinematography, for Best Art Direction (Set Decoration), for Best Costume
Design and for Best Effects (Special Visual Effects).
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Premieres of the film in Europe
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Premiere in Great Britain
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The well-known London Dominion Theatre at the festive
European premiere of “Cleopatra” on 31 July 1963 (Image from “Film-Echo” /
August 1963).
The Dominion Theatre, located in London's
West End was
selected to premiere the new Todd-AO process in the UK. "South Pacific" (USA, 1958)
inaugurated the new roadshow policy on 21 April 1958 (European premiere) and
racked up the longest ever run in a British cinema of 4 years, 5 months and
12 days, closing on 30 September 1962. In70mm.com reports that there were
used two "South Pacific" 70mm prints with one print shown more than
1382 times between 1958-1962. At that time the theatre had a screen size of
46 x 21 ft with a 5 ft curve (measured across the curve - source:
in70mm.com). For film
performances seating came down to 1,654 with the upper gallery being
curtained off. The Dominion was in trouble when Hollywood reduced making
“big-budget extravaganzas” - also due to the fact that road show premieres
moved to newly built cinemas. For balancing live shows were shown between
the films. At present, the theatre only finds application for live shows.
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From
bottom left to right: Kenneth Winckles, Director of Rank Organization, hands
over a check of 300,000 British pounds (GBP) to Percy Livingstone, Director
General of 20th Century Fox in London. From top left to right: Fred Hift,
Advertising-Publicity-Director of 20th Century Fox in Great Britain, Europe
and the Middle East, Gordon Hill, Secretary General of 20th Century Fox and
Elmo Williams, Production-Director of 20th Century Fox in Europe (Image from
“La Cinématographie Francaise” / June 1963).
Prior to "Cleopatra"'s premiere, Rank
Organization made an advance payment of 300,000 British pounds (GBP) to 20th
Century Fox in order to be able to show the film at the London Dominion
Theatre.
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Premiere in France
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“Cleopatre” - la version française
Il a fallu deux mille ans pour que revive à l`écran toute la grandeur du
règne de Cléopâtre.
Il n`a pas fallu quarante-huit heures pour que plus de dix mille de
Parisiens se précipitent pour aller voir le superspectacle de l`ecran CLEOPATRE!.
En effet, après trois ans de tournage, CLEOPATRE! a fait sa sortie officielle
sur les écrans parisiens le vendredi 25 octobre 1963, aux cinémas REX et LA
ROTONDE en version française, et au NORMANDIE cinéma en version originale
anglaise.
(from “La Cinématographie Francaise” / November 1963)
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Premiere cinemas of “Cleopatra” in Paris: “Le Grand Rex” and “Normandie”
It lasted more than 2000 years to revive the greatness of Cleopatra's reign
on the big screen.
It lasted not even 48 hours that more than ten thousand Paris citizens
saw the epic drama "CLEOPATRA" in cinemas at that time.
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… and “La Rotonde” (Images from “La Cinématographie Francaise” / November
1963).
After three years of shooting,
"CLEOPATRA" finally premiered on Friday, 25
October 1963 in three cinemas in Paris – at the cinemas REX and LA ROTONDE
in the French version and at the NORMANDIE cinema in the original English
version.
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Premiere in Germany
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The German premiere of the film in
Todd-AO was on Thursday,
24 October 1963 at the Berlin Delphi-Filmpalast am Zoo and also, most likely
one day later, at the Düsseldorf Kristall-Palast.
Premiere in Hamburg (also Germany)
After the festive premiere at the Berlin Delphi cinema Gerhard Roger, I like
his reviews, wrote the following about the film in the Berlin “Filmblätter":
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Advert for the North German premiere of the film on Friday, 3 January 1964
at the Hamburg Savoy-Filmtheater, where it subsequently ran for 26 weeks,
until 2 July 1964 – the advert was additionally hand-coloured by me at the
time.
This took place exactly 2000 years ago: Trouble was brewing in the ruling
clique of the Roman Empire. In the struggle between Republic, Dictatorship
and Empire, the cunning Cleopatra sees and finds political opportunities. A
refined beauty, she stirs up intrigue, confusion and a sense of turmoil from
the Egyptian throne, finally emerging as a loving woman.
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Box-office takings five months after the film´s premiere in various West
German cinemas - including West Berlin. The German premiere theatre of the
film, the revered West Berlin Delphi-Filmpalast am Zoo, tops all others at
this time (Source: “Filmblätter” / April 1964).
"Cleopatra" has not only inspired classical literature, but now also the
American film. The latest version, which cost over 40 million dollars to
make and has been widely quoted and gossiped about, is a large-scale, vast,
shimmering and attractive spectacle. The crowd scenes, compositions
(cross-fade from outdoor scenes to classic mosaics) as well as the
individual performances of actors and technicians can, quite confidently, be
regarded as cinematic milestones. The film is a massive and powerful
depiction of Greek-Oriental Alexandria and classical Rome, yet Harrison's
portrayal of a laid-back, mischievous Caesar has elements of an intimate
play. The fanciful costumes and masks harmonise splendidly with Taylor's
cosmetics and caprices, contrasted with Burton's vague and drunken Marc
Antony. The spectacle sets a new benchmark in Hollywood colour technology
and large-scale production. In its current length, the film offers
considerable show value. However: For the Central European market, a clever
script editor would cut out 30 to 40 minutes and make some changes to the
dialogue to create a flawless, fascinating film. Nevertheless, the film
captures the eyes and minds of the audience, and is the film that everyone
is talking about. The greatest Hollywood film (to date).
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"Cleopatra" also in CinemaScope! (Source: “Filmblätter” / April 1964)
The four Oscar-winning movie "CLEOPATRA", shown with nine Todd-AO prints in
West Germany, brought cinemas (including West Berlin) a revenue of several
million D-Mark. Now, from September 1964, the film will also be available in
German language in CinemaScope format.
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Premiere in Austria
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The Tabor Cinema in Vienna in the evening of Cleopatra's
Todd-AO premiere on 22 January 1964. Long before the arrival of the
celebrities police had kept the sidewalk clear. Curious people had to be
content with a view from afar (Image from “Österreichische Film- und
Kinozeitung” / February 1964).
The Gala Premiere, organized by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Films Austria*, for the
20th Century Fox epic drama "Cleopatra" on the 22nd January 1964 at the
Viennese Tabor Cinema (Tabor-Kino) was a major event on the social calendar
of the city. Numerous celebrities from public life, members of the Austrian
Government and the diplomatic corps and stars of stage and screen honoured
the celebratory event with their presence. There were already thousands of
curious onlookers in front of the festively decorated Tabor cinema hours
before the show was due to start, both to admire the approach of the
limousines and to lay siege to the cinema ticket office.
*At the time, MGM Films distributed the films of both MGM and 20th Century
Fox in Austria
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Numerous shops in Vienna, such as opticians, booksellers, perfumeries etc.
had trimmed their windows for “Cleopatra”. The Egyptian queen is a brilliant
eye-catcher, particularly because Liz Taylor is impersonating the queen
(Image from “Österreichische Film- und Kinozeitung” / February 1964).
The Tabor Cinema (1916-1996) at 8 Taborstraße, formerly known as the
Central-Kino (Central Cinema) / UFA-Tonkino (UFA audio cinema) and reputed
to have had a screen size of 18 by 6.50 metres was closed in 1996. It was
the last remaining cinema in the Viennese Leopoldstadt. During the last
years the movie palace was also particularly notable for its comfortable new
two-seater seating, known as Kamphöner. A supermarket moved into the site
after the cinema closed. Today, the site is occupied by a hotel by the name
of "City Central".
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Epilogue
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I
saw the film "Cleopatra" at the age of twelve years for the first
time. So young, of course, I wasn't able to understand all of the numerous
intelligent dialogues in the film, such as those, which are characterising
the love conflicts between the main actors or wasn't able to empathize the
emotions of the lovers completely. However, the more times I watched the
film in the coming years, it became in my mind's eye like an old good wine
and inspired me more and more.
Three-strip and 70mm films have always deserved special
attention and I am honoured to have been able to experience this era in the
movie palaces. These little / great works of art, one could even say "film
operas", often also impressed with their opening music, interval music and
closing music, while the curtains were still closed and partly illuminated
with a splendid alternating light. It was festive and I find it a great pity
that cinemas today no longer provide anything like that.
I remember visiting the Berlin City cinema many years later to watch the
film "How the West Was Won" (USA, 1962) in a 70mm version (70mm single-panel
re-release). The film had / has a quite long overture - there was grumbling
from the rows of seats behind me: "Why do we have to listen to this
incessant music, when will the film finally start?".
Of course, I became angry hearing that. But later, the enchanting Debbie
Reynolds singing in the film: “Away, away, come away with me where the grass
grows wild and the winds blow free…” calmed me down.
The North German premiere of the film "Cleopatra" was screened on 3rd
January 1964 at the "Savoy"
-Filmtheater in Hamburg, Europe's first
purpose-built Todd-AO cinema. The cinema Manager, Walter Jonigkeit, had
organized major "Publicity and Advertising" well in advance of the film.
From 16th December 1963 right up to the premiere, there had been a large
advertisement in the newspapers, twice a week on Mondays and Thursdays,
announcing the forthcoming film:
Here at the end of the report, I would like to thank Michael Coate and
William Kallay personally for their tireless commitment in compiling their
comprehensive and informative film lists.
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Related Links
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•
A tribute to Howard
Terpning
•
“The Art of Howard Terpning “, also with a 7:40 min video-clip (extract from
the film documentary: “Howard Terpning: Portrait of a Storyteller")
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The HOLLYWOOD years
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Information on the
Hamburg Film and Television Museum
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Sources
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Another impressive illustration for the film designed by Howard Terpning
All images are from the author's collection unless stated
otherwise. The report was compiled using various articles as well as
pictorial material, which were in part taken from newspapers and journals of
the time, in particular: “Filmblätter”, “Film-Echo”, “La Cinématographie
Francaise”, “Movie Marketing”, “Österreichische Film- und Kinozeitung”, “New
York Variety” and diverse information found on the internet describing the
life of Howard Terpning.
Allen Eyles, Keith Skone: “London`s West End Cinemas“, 1991, London,
Keystone Publications
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28-07-24 |
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